Efficacy of different strategies to treat root dentin eroded by liquid or gaseous hydrochloric acid associated with brushing abrasion.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate how casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) associated with Nd:YAG or Diode laser affects dentin exposed to hydrochloric acid (HCl) with or without tooth brushing. DESIGN: One hundred and sixty human root dentin blocks were selected after they were initially eroded with liquid HCl (pH 1.2) 3x for one day. The blocks were divided into the following groups: G1- liquid HCl (HCl-l), G2- HCl-l + brushing, G3- gaseous HCl (HCl-g), and G4- HCl-g + brushing. Each group was randomly assigned to the following treatments (n = 10): A) Control (no treatment), B) CPP-ACP, C) CPP-ACP associated with Nd:YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm) (40 mJ, 10 Hz, 0.4 W, 15 s), and D) CPP-ACP associated with Diode laser (λ = 980 nm) (0.5 W, 200 µs, 15 s). The treatment with CPP-ACP (G2, G3 and G4) was applied on the dentine surface for 5 min. Erosion (6x/day/20 s) and erosion (6x/day/20 s) with abrasion (2x/10 s) were performed for five days. Dentin volume loss was determined by 3D confocal laser microscopy. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests. RESULTS: G1 - CPP-ACP (10.77 ±â€¯1.66) and CPP-ACP associated with Diode laser (9.98 ±â€¯0.89) showed lower volume loss in relation Control group (12.86 ±â€¯0.63) (p < 0.05). G2 - CPP-ACP associated with Diode laser (12.41 ±â€¯1.08) elicited lower volume loss as compared to the Control (14.42 ±â€¯1.24) (p < 0.05). As for G3 and G4, all treatments showed similar volume loss. CONCLUSION: CPP-ACP and CPP-ACP associated with Diode laser could control dental tissue loss in dentin eroded by liquid HCl. Moreover, CPP-ACP associated with Diode laser could effectively decrease dental tissue loss in dentin exposed to liquid HCl and brushing.

Combined effect of fluoride varnish to Er:YAG or Nd:YAG laser on permeability of eroded root dentine.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the combined effect of fluoride varnish to Er:YAG or Nd:YAG laser on permeability of eroded root dentine. DESIGN: Sixty slabs of bovine root dentine (2×2×2mm) were eroded with citric acid 0.3% (pH 3.2) during 2h and then kept in artificial saliva during 24h. Specimens were randomly assigned in 6 groups (n=10), to receive the following treatments: fluoride varnish; fluoride varnish+Er:YAG laser; fluoride varnish+Nd:YAG laser; non-fluoride varnish; non-fluoride varnish+Er:YAG laser; non-fluoride varnish+Nd:YAG laser. The Er:YAG (100mJ, 3Hz) and Nd:YAG (70mJ, 15Hz) were applied for 10s. Specimens were subjected to further erosive challenges with citric acid 0.3% 4×/day, during 1min, for 5 days, remaining in artificial saliva between cycles. Dentin permeability was then assessed. Two-way ANOVA demonstrated no significant interaction between laser and varnish (p=0.858). RESULTS: No effect was also detected for the main factor varnish (p=0.768), while permeability of eroded root dentin was significantly lower when such substrate was laser-irradiated, no matter the laser source (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study concluded that Er:YAG and Nd:YAG lasers can be employed to control the permeability of eroded root dentin, regardless of fluoride varnish application.

[Performance of entero-insular axis in an athletic population: diet and exercise influence]. / COMPORTAMIENTO DEL EJE ENTERO-INSULAR EN UNA POBLACION DEPORTISTA; INFLUENCIA DE LA DIETA Y EL EJERCICIO.

INTRODUCTION: The relationship between physical exercise and appetite regulation can lead to improved competitive performance of athletes. Mediators of the entero-insular axis generate neurohumoral signals that influence on the appetite regulation and energy homeostasis. AIM: Determine the influence of diet and prolonged exercise on intestinal peptide, ghrelin, resistin, leptin, and incretins (GLP-1 and GIP) in an athlete population. METHODS: It is a prospective intervention study, conducted from October 2012 to March 2013. 32 healthy semiprofessional rugby players, aged 13-39 years were included. Anthropometric measurements and blood samples were taken at time 0 and after six months of study. Athletes were randomized to a protein diet (PD) or Mediterranean diet (MD) and plasma levels of intestinal peptide, ghrelin, resistin, leptin, and incretins were calculated. RESULTS: In the PD group, GLP-1 and GIP plasmatic levels showed a significant decrease (p <0.03; p <0.01 respectively). GLP-1 and ghrelin plasmatic concentration demonstrated a significant decrease (p <0.03 respectively) in those who experienced gain of muscle mass (MM). Finally, the athletes related to the PD who showed increased total weight and muscle mass presented significantly decreased GLP-1 concentration (p <0.03 and p<0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION: GLP-1 plasmatic concentration was decreased, with the PD suggesting to be more beneficial for the athletes in order to avoid hypoglycemia. Furthermore, muscle mass and total weight gain, linked to the PD, could enhance athletic performance in certain sport modalities.

Introducción: La relación existente entre el ejercicio físico y la regulación del apetito puede conducir a una mejora del rendimiento competitivo de los deportistas. Los mediadores del eje entero-insular generan señales neurohumorales que influyen en la regulación del apetito y la homeostasis energética. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de la dieta y el ejercicio prolongado sobre los péptidos intestinales, grelina, resistina, leptina, e incretinas (GLP-1 y GIP) en una población deportista. MÉTODOS: Este es un estudio prospectivo, de intervención desarrollado desde Octubre 2012 a Marzo 2013. Se incluyeron 32 jugadores de rugby sanos. Se tomaron medidas antropométricas y muestras de sangre en el momento 0 y a los seis meses del estudio. Se distribuyeron aleatoriamente a una dieta bien proteica (DP) o mediterránea (DM) y estudiamos los niveles plasmáticos de adipoquinas e incretinas. Resultados: Las concentraciones plasmáticas de GLP- 1 y GIP presentaron un descenso (p.

Comportamiento del eje entero-insular en una poblacion deportista; influencia de la dieta y el ejercicio / Performance of entero-insular axis in an athletic population: diet and exercise influence

Introducción: La relación existente entre el ejercicio físico y la regulación del apetito puede conducir a una mejora del rendimiento competitivo de los deportistas. Los mediadores del eje entero-insular generan señales neurohumorales que influyen en la regulación del apetito y la homeostasis energética. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia de la dieta y el ejercicio prolongado sobre los péptidos intestinales, grelina, resistina, leptina, e incretinas (GLP-1 y GIP) en una población deportista. MÉTODOS: Este es un estudio prospectivo, de intervención desarrollado desde Octubre 2012 a Marzo 2013. Se incluyeron 32 jugadores de rugby sanos. Se tomaron medidas antropométricas y muestras de sangre en el momento 0 y a los seis meses del estudio. Se distribuyeron aleatoriamente a una dieta bien proteica (DP) o mediterránea (DM) y estudiamos los niveles plasmáticos de adipoquinas e incretinas. Resultados: Las concentraciones plasmáticas de GLP- 1 y GIP presentaron un descenso (p < 0.03; p< 0.01 respectivamente) en los seguidores de la DP. Los niveles de GLP-1 y de grelina mostraron un descenso significativo (p< 0.03 respectivamente) en el grupo con ganancia de masa muscular (MM). Finalmente, las concentraciones de GLP-1 disminuyeron significativamente en el grupo vinculado a la DP que incrementó su MM (p<0.002) y peso total (p<0.03). Conclusión: Los niveles de GLP-1 muestran un descenso con la DP en aquellos deportistas que aumentan su MM y peso total. Ello sugiere que este tipo de dieta puede mejorar el rendimiento en determinadas modalidades deportivas y disminuir el riesgo de hipoglucemias (AU)

Introduction: The relationship between physical exercise and appetite regulation can lead to improved competitive performance of athletes. Mediators of the entero-insular axis generate neurohumoral signals that influence on the appetite regulation and energy homeostasis. AIM: Determine the influence of diet and prolonged exercise on intestinal peptide, ghrelin, resistin, leptin, and incretins (GLP-1 and GIP) in an athlete population. Methods: It is a prospective intervention study, conducted from October 2012 to March 2013. 32 healthy semiprofessional rugby players, aged 13-39 years were included. Anthropometric measurements and blood samples were taken at time 0 and after six months of study. Athletes were randomized to a protein diet (PD) or Mediterranean diet (MD) and plasma levels of intestinal peptide, ghrelin, resistin, leptin, and incretins were calculated. Results: In the PD group, GLP-1 and GIP plasmatic levels showed a significant decrease (p<0.03; p<0.01 respectively). GLP-1 and ghrelin plasmatic concentration demonstrated a significant decrease (p<0.03 and p<0.002, respectively). Conclusion: GLP-1 plasmatic concentration was decreased, with the PD suggesting to be more beneficial for the athletes in order to avoid hypoglycemia. Furthermore, muscle mass and total weight gain, linked to the PD, could enhance athletic performance in certain sport modalities (AU)

The use of an Er:YAG laser to remove demineralized dentin and its influence on dentin permeability.

The purpose of this study was to analyze, correlate, and compare the demineralization and permeability of dentin remaining after caries removal with either an Er:YAG laser, a bur, or a curette. Thirty human dentin fragments were immersed in a demineralizing solution for 20 days and were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10) for the removal of the demineralized lesion. The groups were G1-Er:YAG laser (200 mJ/6 Hz; noncontact at 12 mm; spot: 0.63 mm), G2-Bur, and G3-Curette. The specimens were then immersed in a 10% copper sulfate solution, then in a 1% dithiooxamide alcoholic solution for 30 min and kept in ammonia vapor for 7 days. Next, the specimens were examined with optical microscopy. The amount of demineralized dentin and the level of copper ion infiltration in the dentin were quantified in µm using Axion Vision software. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05) and Pearson's Correlation test. The analysis revealed no significant differences between the three caries removal methods in terms of their capacity to remove demineralized tissue (G1: 10.6 µm; G2: 8.4 µm; G3: 11 µm), although the laser removal generated more tissue permeability than the others methods (G1: 17.6 µm; G2: 6.6 µm; G3: 5.5 µm). The correlation between the remaining demineralized dentin and the dentin permeability was moderate for the conventional methods and higher for the Er:YAG laser. It can therefore be concluded that the laser produced an increase in permeability that was directly proportional to the amount of demineralized tissue removal.

Biochemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic melanoma in selected patients.

INTRODUCTION: Bioimmunochemotherapy (BCT) is a combination of biological agents and cytostatics that has shown an increase in response rate (RR) in metastatic melanoma patients. The aim of the study is to evaluate RR, progression- free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and treatment toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 11 metastatic melanoma patients treated from January 2002 to June 2008 with cisplatin 20 mg/m(2) i.v. days 1.4, dacarbazine 800 mg/m(2) i.v. day 1, vinblastine 1.5 mg/m(2) i.v. days 1.4, interleukin (IL)-2 9 MIU/m(2) s.c. 5.8 days and interferon (IFN)-alpha-2b 5 MIU/m2 s.c. days 5.9, 11, 13 and 15, with the support of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and antibiotics. Patients with ECOG 0, age < or = 65 years and with measurable disease were included. The planned number of courses was 4. RR was measured by Revised Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumour (RECIST) criteria (computed tomography [CT]+/-proton emission tomography [PET]). Toxicity was measured according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) common toxicity criteria. RESULTS: Observed RRs were 18% complete response (CR), 27% partial response (PR), 9% stable disease (SD) and 46% disease progression. The median PFS was 4 months (95% CI, 0.10 m), with a 23% one-year PFS. Median OS was 4.6 months (95% CI, 0.9.19 m), with a 29% one-year OS. Eighty-three percent of patients experienced grade 3-4 toxicity, mainly due to neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and flu-like syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with BCT shows an increase in RR, some achieving durable CR; nevertheless it cannot be considered a standard treatment and should be employed only in selected patients.